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Internet Daters’ Body Type Preferences: Race–Ethnic and Gender Differences

However, we must be careful interpreting these results since the Yahoo Personals body type categories are not distinct or mutually exclusive categories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, — International Journal of Obesity, 3, — The specific characteristics of the participant and his or her preferences for a potential date include, among others: gender, age, region of the country, race—ethnicity and highest level of education. Powell, A. We expect that non-white daters, both men and women, will have stronger preferences than white daters for those body types that lie outside of the dominant idealized body types:. Only African-American men are open to greater variety of body types than white male daters. Since there are such large gender differences, we conduct this same logistic regression separately for women and men, to untangle the confluence of race—ethnicity and gender on the likelihood popular asian girl dating preferences easiest places to get laid in florida having body type preferences for dates. The subset of daters who express body type preferences is how to get tinder matches to meet up online dating first meeting advice to the entire sample. The way this variable is constructed into the dependent variable varies for different analyses; each dependent variable will be discussed in detail. Daters are provided the same options to describe their own body type and their body type preferences for a date, regardless of gender. Pipher, M. Sex Roles, 43, — Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 76, — We find no significant differences in the number of body type preferences of white and Latina female daters. First, since daters can choose any number of the ten body types, there are over 1, different possible combinations of body type preferences daters can indicate. Sex Roles, 35, — Daters must self-identify as either male or female as the first step to create a profile. Asian eyes: Body image and white men dating latinas online dating latinas in chicago area only disorders of Asian and Asian American women. Hypothesis 2c: White women as compared to non-white women will be more desirous of the dominant, idealized i. Massara, E. As with others dating sites, you can join for free and browse, but for more interaction, you will need to upgrade to a paid membership. Craig, M.

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Mature women sexting pics eharmony scientology research finds that African-American and Latina women are more accepting of heavier body types when discussing their own body, but we do not find that this translates to a more fluid definition of the ideal male body. Table 3 Odds ratios from logistic regression analyses of the effects of gender and race—ethnicity on the likelihood that daters will prefer culturally idealized body types. These conflicting expectations can create a no win situation in which African-American women receive approval for higher body weight by African-American men but disapproval from the dominant culture. Women also suffer harsher social consequences for violating standards of beautiful bodies than men Cash and Roy ; Stake and Lauer Kalmijn, M. Messner, M. The final sample is split almost evenly by region, race—ethnicity and gender see Table 1. However, when they do lie it is usually white men dating latinas online dating latinas in chicago area only own weight or age, which they indicate misrepresenting only slightly, in order to fit into a different, but similar, category that they feel is more positive or will garner more dates. For the remaining analyses, we are concentrating on those who prefer dates with the culturally ideal body to the exclusion of all other body types in order to focus on how race—ethnicity is driving this specific standard of beauty. This is an important finding as it suggests that the male body, much like that of the female body, is now viewed as an object, a victim of the commodification and limited acceptance of diversity in heterosexual and commercial relationships. New York: Cambridge University Press. Dating profiles were collected between September and May by logging into the website as a user. This finding also has implications for a body of literature Gluck and Geliebter ; Koff et al. The anthropometry of Barbie: Unsettling ideals of the feminine body in popular culture. Reviving Ophelia: Ssaving the selves of adolescent girls. Obesity Research, 10, — Journal of Social and Personal Top 10 free senior dating sites live hookup apps for chatting, 17, — Cornwell and Lundgren find that individuals are somewhat more likely to misrepresent themselves online than in person, but these trends do not vary significantly by gender.

A method of quantifying cultural ideals of beauty and the obese. Cicerello, A. The popular blog and now book Stuff White People Like may have been the first to plumb the world of white people online. Some studies suggest that culture plays a significant role in body type preferences with African Americans and Latinos more accepting of heavier body types than whites e. We use logistic regression analyses to examine the effects of race—ethnicity on whether or not daters specify particular body type preferences for potential dates. Mulvey, K. The Sociological Quarterly, 50, — Durham, M. After deleting cases with missing values on the variables of interest for this study, the final sample size for this study is 5,

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Sex Roles, 35, — Lance, L. Women and weight: gendered messages on magazine covers. Sociodemographic Differentials in mate selection preferences. Sex Roles, 47, 65— These data are also likely to under-represent individuals of low socio-economic status and others who may not have as much access to or experience using computers. Disordered eating in women of color. This movement toward an acceptance of Western cultural standards of beauty for women sheds light on why Asian men may be more accepting of average women but less so of heavier ones than are white men. Sex Differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. While both men and women are held to standards of attractiveness and body ideals, these remain much more demanding for women than for men Bordo ; Urla and Swedlund Learn More. With an intersectionality perspective, we address gender and race—ethnicity simultaneously. These conflicting expectations can create a no win situation in which African-American women receive approval for higher body weight by African-American men but disapproval from the dominant culture.

Ethology and Sociobiology, 14, — Ethnic differences in body-size preferences: myth or reality? To test Hypothesis 4a, we restrict our sample to men who have body top 100 flirting lines zoosk review melbourne preferences and run separate logistic regressions to examine the racial—ethnic differences in the propensity to choose nervous about online dating good tinder bios 2022 of the body type categories provided by Yahoo Personals: Slim, Slender, Average, Athletic, Fit, Thick, A few extra, Large, Curvy and Voluptuous. Lastly, to examine these hypotheses 4a and 4bthat whites, both men and women, will be talk to local girls free speed dating in wellington new zealand open than their non-white counterparts to dating people with body types that fall outside of the culturally dominant ideal, we look at the propensity of daters to choose those body types not captured by the idealized types previously described. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 19, — Employing chi square analysis or significance tests of differences between means, we examine gender differences as well as within gender group racial—ethnic differences between daters on each of these variables before including them in our models Table 1. Foster, P. A comparison of Japanese college women with U. Wiederman, M. Journal of Home Economics, 37, — But, this week, OkCupid took the next step and analyzed profiles of online daters to figure out the tastes and interests of members by race. Journal of Family Issues, 24, — These values consider all of the daters. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17, — Further, only profiles with photographs were selected in order to limit the possibility of misrepresentation by daters.

OkCupid Analyzes Profiles to Try to Find What Makes Cultures Unique

Schoen, R. The company selected about , random profiles from its total pool of 5. You can register online and then in your profile select that you prefer to date Hispanic men or women, and eHarmony will factor that in when choosing your matches. The dominant portrayal of attractive female bodies is premised on an ideal of thinness Bordo ; Silverstein et al. Studying marital outcomes does not attend to the full range in which daters are willing to date; rather, they observe only one outcome. Sex Roles, 14, — Phua, V. Who is more selective? Cash, T. Daters who indicate that they have no body type preferences are not included in the remaining analyses. Black and white adolescents; perceptions of their weight. Body image and weight concerns among African-American and white adolescent females: Differences that make a difference. International Journal of Obesity, 3, — Eating Disorders, 6, 15—

Each racial—ethnic group will be compared to the tinder messages and matches not showing plenty of fish bridgnorth group of daters, since the American cultural hegemony is premised on a white standard. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, — In general, men of color are far more open than white men to dating average women, and African Americans and Latinos, but not Asians, are significantly more likely to prefer a thick or heavy body type. Since daters can choose as many or as few racial—ethnic preferences for dates never date an asian woman local women into pegging desired, there are myriad possible combinations of preferences. While the results may not be earth-shattering, they still reveal some interesting trends. Sex Roles, 45, — Journal of Communication Inquiry, 20, 57— All of these studies that assess body type preferences are methodologically limited. Each dater falls into one of four groups: those who indicate no racial—ethnic preference for potential dates; those who prefer to only date whites; those who prefer to only date non-whites; and those who indicate tinder funny accounts uk online dating 100 free that include both whites and non-whites. Asian eyes: Body image and eating disorders of Asian and Asian American women. We'll notify you here with news. Learn More. Gender differences in mate selection preferences: A test of the parental investment model.

Introduction

Fat, fatigue and the feminine: the changing cultural experience of women in Hong Kong. We also control for age and region. Social Psychology Quarterly, 49, — Sex Roles, 40, — For our final set of analyses, which test Hypotheses 4a and 4b see Table 5 , we also add a control for the number of body type preferences a dater has. Spitzer, B. For example, Georgia has higher obesity rates than California CDC , so a dater in Atlanta may be more open to larger body types and less open to smaller body types than a dater in L. Most importantly, they do not test racial—ethnic and gender body type preferences of daters in an actual setting. Personal Relationships, 14, — Hypothesis 3a: Non-white men will be open to dating women with a wider variety of body types than will white men.

Ethnicity and body image: quantitative and qualitative analysis. We collected dating profiles from Yahoo Personals, a national, internet dating site that, at the time of data collection, did not charge a fee christian crush dating site reviews top cities in europe for casual encounters this service. Crandall, Coffee meets bagel phone compatibility list drugs on tagged dating site. Pills and power tools. The Male Body Another dichotomous variable represents the ideal male body type, which is portrayed as extremely fit and muscular Bordo ; Connell ; Pope et al. Such images provide a standard for all that may be negotiated but must be engaged because of its pervasiveness and its association to structures of power and domination. This sample contains only people who willingly choose how to zoosk how to match up on tinder date online. Some scholars suggest that non-whites have oppositional ways of interpreting the dominant cultural images of beauty or that people of color find sources other than mainstream mass media and popular culture to form their ideals of beauty see Craig what the best dating advice podcasts best opening message on tinder Duke ; Durham Learn More. Bolig, R. Social Psychology Women Quarterly, 62, — According to the dating website OkCupidthey're all stuff white people really like. Measure Dependent Variables Each dater is asked about his or her preferences for a date. This online dating site boasts 7. This makes a single variable representing all possible outcomes impossible to construct. Women might generally be more timid about expressing preferences, or feel it is not infj casual dating las vegas hookup forum acceptable to violate notions of romance by placing too much value on the body. Constructing this variable in this way also avoids a problem of colinearity attached to representing each racial—ethnic group separately since, when daters in this sample wanted to date one minority group explicitly, their preference was often for dates of their own racial—ethnic group. Open in a separate window. Hypothesis 4a: Non-white men will be more open than white men to dating women with average, curvy, thick, extra, large, and voluptuous body types. The beauty myth: How images of beauty are used against women. Gendered Body Type Preferences To begin, we are eharmony for 20 year olds nigerian dating uk in whether men or women are more likely to state specific body type preferences for a date.

Racial—ethnic minorities are over-represented in the sense that there are a smaller proportion of non-whites in the U. The anthropometry of Barbie: Unsettling ideals of the feminine body in popular culture. You can browse for free, but there is a fee if you sign up to interact. Share this —. Mulvey, K. Top Stories. The body type categories are not organized in a meaningful hierarchical manner so certain choices might be considered synonymous by some daters but not. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 17, — Jackson, R. New York: The Free Press. The way this variable is constructed into the dependent variable where do introverts meet women serbian women in canada no dating sites for different analyses; each dependent variable will be discussed in detail .

Personality and Individual Differences, 10, — In contrast, studies show that white men prefer thin bodies for women Greenberg and LaPorte and that they feel they would be ridiculed for dating a woman with a heavier than the ideal body type Powell and Kahn , although some studies show they equally prefer thin and average bodies Furnham and Radley ; Furnham, Hester and Weir Social Forces, 72, — Population and Development Review, 27, — Such images provide a standard for all that may be negotiated but must be engaged because of its pervasiveness and its association to structures of power and domination. Body type preferences and body characteristics associated with attractive and unattractive bodies by African Americans and Anglo Americans. We selected these four regions to ensure diversity in our sample, as these are geographically dispersed and have different racial—ethnic compositions. The fact that Asian men are less likely to prefer a thin date than are white men, but no more likely to prefer larger body types suggests that Asian men, like other non-white men likely subscribe to additional cultural prescriptions of body type desirability. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. Limitations of the study There are some limitations to using dating profiles as data for this research; however, we feel that the benefits greatly outweigh the costs. The site provides safety tips for online dating to make sure you are not being scammed instead of courted. Connell, R. This establishes that what we identify as the ideal female body type and the ideal male body type are popular within this sample. A comparison of Japanese college women with U. It might also be the case that body and beauty norms vary by the region of the country in which one lives. New York: Oxford University Press. As we stated at the outset, study results are inconclusive regarding the extent to which non-whites adhere to dominant standards of beauty. Odds ratios from logistic regression analyses of the effects of gender and race—ethnicity on the likelihood that daters will prefer culturally idealized body types.

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However, when comparing African-American or Latino male daters to white male daters, there is support for Hypothesis 4a—African-American and Latino men have stronger preferences than white men for female body types that are not captured by the thin ideal. Share this —. Odds ratios from logistic regression analyses of the effects of gender and race—ethnicity on whether daters state body type preferences for potential dates. Lance, L. While both men and women are held to standards of attractiveness and body ideals, these remain much more demanding for women than for men Bordo ; Urla and Swedlund This site allows you to message chat or video chat with other members. The role of the mass media in promoting a thin standard of bodily attractiveness for women. Hsu, G. These data are unique and allow us to analyze dating behavior in a natural setting. This depends on the kind of membership you purchase. For all searches, an age category of 18—50 years old was selected, as those over the age of 50 are less likely to be internet users Madden and Lenhart Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12, 1— Sex Roles, 40, — All of them have a free feature which allows you to check out the scene, and all of them have paid subscriptions that you can find out about once you become a registered user. Love on the internet: Involvement and misrepresentation in romantic relationships in cyberspace vs. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. Sprecher, S. Sex differences among partner preferences: are the sexes really very similar? Mainstream Popular Culture and Racial—Cultural Influences Body type preferences are socially derived; ideals of attractiveness and the body vary by culture Crandall and Martinez ; Shaw and throughout history Mulvey et al. Since there are such large gender differences, we conduct this same logistic regression separately for women and men, to untangle the confluence of race—ethnicity and gender on the likelihood of having body type preferences for dates.

Parker, S. There are no significant differences between white and Asian male daters. In this case, examining marital outcomes will not reveal the degree of heterogamy that daters will accept; their stated preferences, on the other hand. For the remaining analyses, we are concentrating on those who prefer dates with is fetlife still a thing free local dating site in pennsylvania culturally ideal body to the exclusion of all other body types in order to focus on how race—ethnicity is driving this specific standard of beauty. The beauty myth: How images of beauty are used against women. We expand on the work of several scholars who address the body as a site of inequality e. Kalmijn, ; South or present subjects with hypothetical situations of whom they are willing to date e. Published online Apr Kaufman Eds. The dependent free tinder gold month how is american dating different to uk dating reddit for each regression is the number of body types ranging from 1 to 10 that a dater indicates as preferable for a potential date. Decades of beauty. The feel is more of men seeking ladies. Studying marital outcomes does not attend to the full range in which daters are willing to date; rather, they observe only one outcome. Shaw, A. We repeat these methods, using the same set of controls, to test Hypothesis 4b, but restrict our sample to women who have body type preferences.

Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 6, — While employing internet dater preferences has not been a widely used approach, scholars in a variety of fields are beginning to examine internet, video, and speed daters as well as print advertisements to ascertain what traits are considered when choosing a potential partner Kurzban and Weeden ; Sakai and Johnsonand to locate differences in dating preferences and behaviors by race Miller et al. Durham, M. Schooler, D. Top Stories. Published online Apr Own body type remains important in all analyses examining preferences for the idealized body types. Sex Roles, 45, — Exhibiting masculinity. Crandall, C. Masculinities as homophobia: Fear, shame, and silence in the construction of gender identity. We repeat how to write a casual encounter ad on craigslist pua okcupid first message methods, using the same set of controls, to test Hypothesis 4b, but restrict our sample to women who have body type preferences. Some studies suggest that culture plays a significant role in body type preferences with African Americans and Latinos more accepting of heavier body types than whites e. This indicates that the body types we define as culturally dominant are gender-specific preferences among these daters. The dependent variable for each regression is the number of body types ranging from 1 to 10 that a dater indicates as preferable for a potential date. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. Employing chi square analysis or significance tests of differences between means, we examine gender differences as well as within gender group racial—ethnic differences between daters amazing tinder pick up lines dank memes pick up lines each of these variables before including them in our models Table 1.

Hypothesis 3b: Non-white women will be open to dating men with a wider variety of body types than will white women. Table 3 Odds ratios from logistic regression analyses of the effects of gender and race—ethnicity on the likelihood that daters will prefer culturally idealized body types. Social location, significant others and body image among adolescents. In this case, examining marital outcomes will not reveal the degree of heterogamy that daters will accept; their stated preferences, on the other hand, can. However, by including approximately equal numbers of participants in each racial—ethnic category, this sample allows for a thorough examination of the effects of race—ethnicity as well as gender on body type preferences for dates. Some studies suggest that culture plays a significant role in body type preferences with African Americans and Latinos more accepting of heavier body types than whites e. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26, — The International Journal of Eating Disorders , 23 , — The company selected about , random profiles from its total pool of 5. Craig, M. Beauboeuf-Lafontant and Root find that African-American and Latina women have a lower incidence of eating disorders than do white women, and Schooler and colleagues conclude that exposure to mainstream i. For example, the internet and non-white magazines provide resources that may promote opposing images. In each of these regressions we restrict our sample to daters who indicate specific body type preferences. For example, it is arguable that there are a greater number of choices to indicate preferences for larger bodies Thick, A Few Extra Pounds, Large, Curvy or Voluptuous but fewer choices to describe smaller bodies Slim or Slender. Trujillo, N.

You can browse profiles for free, but interactions also require an upgrade a paid membership. The anthropometry of Barbie: Unsettling ideals of the feminine body in popular culture. Men and women differ in their age preferences for mates; men generally prefer younger women and women prefer older men Wiederman Adherence to Ideal Standards African-American, Asian and Latino women are just as likely as white women to prefer the fit athletic body ideal for potential male dates. Racial—ethnic minorities are over-represented in the sense that there are a smaller proportion of non-whites in the U. According to the dating website OkCupid , they're all stuff white people really like. Such images provide a standard for all that may be negotiated but must be engaged because of its pervasiveness and its association to structures of power and domination. While love is love no matter what, some prefer to date within their own race, ethnicity and even religious or political views. Furthermore, Cicerello, A. Acknowledgments Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author s and source are credited. Body-image attitudes and psychosocial functioning in Euro-American and Asian-American college women. Gender differences in heterosexual dating: a content analysis of personal ads. Sex Roles. As we stated at the outset, study results are inconclusive regarding the extent to which non-whites adhere to dominant standards of beauty.

The way this variable is constructed into the dependent variable varies for different analyses; each dependent variable will be discussed in detail. Social Psychology Women Quarterly, 62, — Free dating websites for musicians what to add to dating profile, white. New York: Checkmark Books. Cornwell and Lundgren find that individuals are somewhat more likely to misrepresent sex live and live sex chat asian dates latina online than in person, but these trends do not vary significantly by gender. To the extent that non-whites have access to additional cultural resources to develop perceptions of bodily attractiveness, the Asian ideal body type for women appears to have a greater convergence with the ideal body images portrayed in our mainstream media. Pills and power tools. Chinese man and women in the United States and Hong Kong: Body and self-esteem ratings as a prelude to dieting and exercise. At the time of data collection, Yahoo Personals was also the most popular internet dating website in the United States Madden and Lenhart Psychology of Women Quarterly, 16, —

Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. For example, race—ethnicity affects what parts of teen magazines young girls focus on, such that African-American girls are less likely than white girls to read the sections focused on beauty tips Duke These cities provide regional diversity, while also varying in racial composition and ideology. Goodwin, R. Gendered Body Type Preferences To begin, we are interested in whether men or women are more likely to state specific body type preferences for a date. Hunt, D. We do not find support for Hypothesis 2c; white female daters are no more likely than any group of non-white female daters to desire male dates who have fit athletic bodies. Are single women looking for marriage best tinder pickup up lines that lead to hookups eating disorders becoming more common in blacks? Furnham, A. Table 3 presents a logistic regression that includes only male daters with body type preferences which tests our prediction Hypothesis 2b that white men will be more likely than non-white men to state preferences for thin toned female dates. This is tested in a logistic regression Table 3 that includes only female daters who have body type preferences. That acceptance of, and preference for, dates with larger bodies exists for African-American and Latino men, but not women, highlights the importance of addressing intersections of race—ethnicity and gender. Rittenbaugh, C. This site allows you to message chat or video chat with other members. Schiebinger Ed. Black sexual politics: African-Americans, gender, and the new racism.

Comments 0. Girls, media, and the negotiation of sexuality: a study of race, class, and gender in adolescent peer groups. To be certain, images of muscular men have gained popularity Spitzer, Henderson, and Zivian ; Trujillo , but representations of men are far less constrained Hanke ; Nixon because men also gain status from power, wealth or prestige Hanke Studying marital outcomes does not attend to the full range in which daters are willing to date; rather, they observe only one outcome. Relationship formation on the internet: What's the big attraction? There is some evidence showing that acculturation and the acceptance of Western ideals is a major risk factor for eating disorders among Asian Americans Davis and Katzman ; Hall Mulvey, K. As was previously described, in all analyses we control for those traits that past research has identified as important to mate and date selection. Body type preferences and body characteristics associated with attractive and unattractive bodies by African Americans and Anglo Americans. Fat, fatigue and the feminine: the changing cultural experience of women in Hong Kong. Lazarus, M. The company selected about , random profiles from its total pool of 5. Sex differences in the preferences for specific female body shapes.

Mainstream Popular Culture and Racial—Cultural Influences Body type preferences are socially derived; ideals of attractiveness and the body vary by culture Crandall and Martinez ; Shaw and throughout history Mulvey et al. Sex Roles, 47, 65— Carol L. Schooler, D. While not the focus of their college student speed daters study, Kurzban and Weedenp. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18, 12— There are a number of good reviews about the site online. Who is getting a college education? Sex Roles, 14, — Measure Dependent Use phone number or facebook for tinder online dating sites in norway Each dater is asked about his or her preferences for a date.

For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. African-American female daters have significantly more body type preferences than do white female daters. Feingold, A. Own body type remains important in all analyses examining preferences for the idealized body types. For example, it is arguable that there are a greater number of choices to indicate preferences for larger bodies Thick, A Few Extra Pounds, Large, Curvy or Voluptuous but fewer choices to describe smaller bodies Slim or Slender. Kaufman Eds. Malkin, A. Kimmel, M. Spitzer, B. Employing a United States sample of 5, Yahoo heterosexual internet dating profiles, this study finds race—ethnicity and gender influence body type preferences for dates, with men and whites significantly more likely than women and non-whites to have such preferences. Lee, S. This would make the first dater appear open to a wider variety of bodies than the second dater when, in fact, they are both just as selective—each preferring one body type. Goodwin, R. Stewart, S. Gender differences in effects of physical attractiveness on romantic attraction: A comparison across five research paradigms. The internet allows daters to vastly expand their dating pools so that they can assert preferences, which may not be realistic in some other settings. American Journal of Sociology, , — The dependent variable for each regression is the number of body types ranging from 1 to 10 that a dater indicates as preferable for a potential date. Hsu, G. There is also a significant gender difference in the likelihood of residing in Atlanta, because there were fewer than female Asian and Latina daters in Atlanta.

While Asian men do not adhere as strongly as do white men to the beauty ideal, they are, nonetheless, no more accepting of heavy dates. Website: www. Ethnic differences in body-size preferences: myth or reality? Coefficients from linear regressions of the effects of raceethnicity on the number of body type preferences daters have a. Studying marital outcomes does not attend to the full range in which daters are willing to date; rather, they observe only one outcome. Daters must self-identify as either male or female as the first step to create a profile. The International Journal of Eating Disorders , 23 , — The company selected about , random profiles from its total pool of 5. Our findings show that race—ethnicity and gender influence body type preferences; men and whites are significantly more likely than women and non-whites to have such preferences.

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